手记：诺贝尔和平奖现场记录

题记：写下这篇手记：记录开奖当天我在玉渊潭南路9号院所经历的，作为一个内地记者，只能以这样的方式表达我内心的真实想法和所见所闻

缘起：

由于此前全球各大媒体预测的2010年诺贝尔和平奖热门名单中都有中国的异见人士刘晓波先生，我作为一名中国媒体人对此奖自然格外关注。毕竟在中国历史上，还没有一位正生活在中国的人士得过诺贝尔奖。

2010-10-07下午6点一位08宪章第一批签署人在推特（twitter）上给我发了一封私信：“（诺贝尔和平奖）明天下午五点在挪威公布。估计你去玉渊潭南路9号院泓灏阁茶馆能见到一些网友，国保、警察、外国媒体等。运气好的话，或许能见到刘晓波夫人刘霞。”收到此消息，我并不清楚第二天会发生什么，更不知道那里是刘霞的居住地和约定会见媒体的地方。当时的想法是去和朋友们一起喝茶等候诺贝尔和平奖揭晓的消息，对于见到刘霞，刘晓波先生的妻子，我并没有期待。

现场：

凭着对此君的信任，第二天（2010-10-08）下午3点，我到达玉渊潭南路9号院泓灏阁茶馆，我到达的时候，大批外国媒体记者正纷纷赶到，大约有五十位外国记者，他们大多正在摆设整理摄像仪器和占据有利的采访位置。因为离5点的开奖时间还早，我在茶馆里遇到一位《纽约时报》北京分社的中国摄影记者，因为彼此认识安替先生，感觉不那么陌生，聊了一会，他热情地告诉我：刘霞女士告诉他今天下午5点，她将来这里会见外国媒体记者，无论刘晓波先生是否得奖。同时得到的信息是:刘霞女士家就住在玉渊潭南路9号院里。

随着时间的推移，4点钟的时候，记者们已经在小区大门外聚集，一些附近财政部的居民对小区门口突然多了如此多的记者表示好奇，大都不知道刘晓波和零八宪章，听说他在监狱，感到吃惊。有过路的民众甚至以为小区住着中央领导，所以才会有这么多的记者。由于记者和附近围观的民众越来越多，小区的保安拿出了“本小区谢绝采访”的牌子贴在小区的大门上，现场有中国人在用家用手持DV向小区大门口的人群摄像。小区入口的一半道路已被正在焦急等待刘霞出现的记者占满，还好因为此时并非下班高峰时期，现场进出小区的人员车辆并不多。渐渐围观的过路群众越来越多，警察来到现场维持秩序，不久刚来的警察就以记者们堵住小区路口为由让记者们挪动地方，此前小区的保安一直都没提出让记者挪地。记者们开始和警察理论，未果。不得不搬着笨重的摄像机器挪到小区大门的右侧，警察随即在小区门口拉上警戒线，把记者的活动范围限定在警戒线外。临近五点时，遇见刚来的宪章签署人刘荻和王金波。此时下班时间到，围观群众越来越多。


颁奖

快到五点，记者们的情绪明显紧张起来。部分电视台记者已准备好钓杆话筒，得到颁奖结果出来，准备开始进行采访。记者们都在同个各种方式寻找得奖消息。大多是让同事通过电话第一时间告知开奖结果。

五点整，在小区大门旁的一位记者高声喊到刘晓波得奖了，他的消息是由在后方的同事通过电话告知的。

此时记者们纷纷开始通过电话和网络确认得奖消息，确认属实之后，记者们更期待见到诺贝尔和平奖新科得主刘晓波的妻子刘霞。后来被告知，刘霞已被警方控制，无法按原计划出来见媒体。记者们有的开始做现场直播，有的开始找人采访。大批媒体正在采访路过的一位沈姓民众，他激动地落泪了。

此时宪章第一批签署人北大经济学院教授夏业良先生和李海先生到达现场，迅速被媒体包围。我印象中最深的一句话是李海说：“一般的人包括警察会感到高兴，这是一个中国人得诺奖的开始。”采访结束后，记者们想冲进小区里直接到刘霞家里采访她本人，当时场面一度陷入混乱之中。最后小区保安和警察都不同意，并把记者们推出小区大门，随即关上了其中的一扇大门。

5点40，下班高峰到来，进出小区的车流人流增大，小区的大门不得不重新打开，路边也有交警前来维持交通秩序，但记者们仍然只能在警戒线内采访。现场有一中年女性宪章签署者在喊“释放刘晓波，专制必败，自由万岁”，被媒体团团围住采访。

6点半，刘霞女士仍未出现，这时第一批宪章签署人莫之许从茶馆里走来了，接受在场所有媒体的采访。他说道“刘霞请他转告各位媒体朋友：感谢各位媒体的支持，这次得奖感谢诺贝尔奖委员会和提名他的人，感谢天安门那件惨案发生二十一年来一路支持他的人，尤其是天安门母亲和已经离开我们的包遵信先生。诺贝尔和平奖的荣誉属于所有08宪章签署人。”随即回到茶馆准备拿上电脑离开现场，此时刘霞女士给莫之许来电，说：“她明天会到锦州探望刘晓波”。

反思:

今天在现场，发现许多外国媒体对宪章签署者不是很熟悉，当然08宪章签署人共有1万余人，要想都熟悉也不可能。我觉得对刘荻女士和李海先生应该熟悉吧。至于把他俩弄混，这功课肯定没有做好。可能记者们认为能见到刘霞，对她当做主要采访对象来准备，没想到她被警察去控制无法出门接受采访。这下记者们明显有些准备不足。当时我在想要要是我能做这条新闻，该多好。不会向有些媒体找不到第一批宪章签署者，甚至可以直接连线刘霞女士（莫之许打电话的时候，我就在旁边），专访莫之许、李海、刘荻等人

今天用手机试着在推特直播现场消息，因为我的手机没有翻墙功能，无法上传现场照片。这使得传递的现场信息不够完整和直观，仅仅靠文字有时说服力也不够大。总之，传播效率大为降低。

作为一个媒体人，能“意外”经历这样一个重大事件的新闻现场很荣幸，这样的机会很珍贵。同时也体会到传播意识和传播工具的重要。
                                                    
                                
                                  谨记于2010年10月11日凌晨北京蜗居

Top bet for Nobel Peace Prize is in Chinese prison诺贝尔和平奖最热门人选在中国监狱里

译者说：最近关于刘晓波先生可能获诺贝尔和平奖的消息一直很热，当然是在国际媒体上。如果10月8日刘晓波先生能够获奖，我觉得除了他自身的二十多年来的努力之外，尤其应该感谢以傅莹女士为代表的官员尤其是外交官员。他们在最关键的时刻，起到了临门一脚的作用。
原文链接http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5j_4iOEqh8AxFljQZThJViYZZ4s1gD9IJLEE00?docId=D9IJLEE00

By CARA ANNA (AP) – 卡拉 安娜

In this Sept. 28, 2010 photo, Liu Xia, wife of Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo speaks during an interview in Beijing, China. When the police came for Liu Xiaobo that night nearly two years ago, they didn't tell the dissident-author the reason for taking him away. The line in the detention order for "motive" was blank. But everyone in Liu's dark Beijing apartment knew exactly why. Liu was hours from releasing a call for peaceful political reform in China that would represent the democracy movement's most comprehensive demand ever _ and that would earn Liu multiple nominations for this year's Nobel Peace Prize. (AP Photo/Andy Wong) 图为中国异见人士刘晓波的妻子刘霞，安迪 王拍摄于2010年9月28日在北京的一次采访中。当近乎两年前警察来家里带走他的那晚，他们并没有告知他们带走这名异见作家的原因。在拘留决定里“原因”一栏也是空白的，但在刘家的所有人都知道这次被带走的原因是刘晓波在几小时前公布了一份呼吁中国进行和平政治改革的文章，它综合性地代表了过去民主运动的各种诉求，这也使得刘晓波获得了的联合提名为今年的诺贝尔和平奖候选人。

BEIJING — When the police came for Liu Xiaobo on a December night nearly two years ago, they didn't tell the dissident author why he was being taken away again. The line in the detention order for his "suspected crime" was left blank. --北京  当两年前12月的一个夜里，警察来带走刘晓波，他们并没有告诉这位异见作家再次被带走的原因。在拘留决定里“原因”一栏也是空白的。

But Liu and the dozen officers who crowded into his dark Beijing apartment knew the reason. He was hours from releasing Charter 08, the China democracy movement's most comprehensive call yet for peaceful reform. The document would be viewed by the ruling Communist Party as a direct challenge to its 60-year monopoly on political power.但是刘晓波和十几名正聚集在他家的警察都知道原因：刘晓波在几小时前公布了一份呼吁中国进行和平政治改革的文章“08宪章”，它综合性地代表了过去民主运动的诉求。这份文件被执政的中国共产党视为是对它60年垄断政治权力的直接挑战。

Liu, who over the past two decades had endured stints in prison and re-education camp, looked at the blank detention notice and lost his temper.刘晓波盯着空白的拘留通知书，发脾气。他在过去的二十多年中曾被关押在监狱和劳改场所里。

"At that moment, I knew the day I was expecting had finally come," his wife, Liu Xia, said recently as she recounted the night of Dec. 8, 2008. Thinking of the Beijing winter, she said she brought him a down coat and cigarettes. The police took the cigarettes away.他的妻子，刘霞女士最近重新回忆2008年12月8日那晚发生的事，她说道“那时我知道此前预料过的，那天最终来了”。想到北京的冬天气温寒冷，我给他带了一件羽绒服和香烟。警察只把香烟带走了。

Liu was sentenced last Christmas Day to 11 years in prison for subversion. The 54-year old literary critic is now the favorite to win the Nobel Peace Prize — in what would be a major embarrassment to the Chinese government.因颠覆国家政权罪的罪名，刘晓波在去年圣诞节被判入狱11年。这位54岁的文学评论家目前是获得今年诺贝尔奖的最大热门人选。如获此奖，会使中国政府尴尬。

He is the best shot the country's dissident movement has had in winning the prestigious award since it began pushing for democratic change after China's authoritarian leaders launched economic, but not political, reforms three decades ago.如果他能获得享有盛誉的诺贝尔和平奖，将对中国的政治反对运动有一个很好的推动作用。因为在三十年前，当中国官方开始经济改革的时候，它们就在推动中国的民主化进程。

Last year the prize was won by President Barack Obama. Irish bookmaker PaddyPower says for this year's prize Liu's been the favorite for months, with recent odds at 6-to-1, ahead of Zimbabwe Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai at 8-to-1.去年此奖颁给了美国总统奥巴马，爱尔兰出版商paddypower说：几个月来刘晓波都是这奖的最热门人选，目前赔率是6:1，领先于津巴布韦总理茨万吉拉伊的8:1。（译注：最新赔率是3:1 网站链接http://www.paddypower.com/bet/novelty-betting/current-affairs/nobel-peace-prize）

China's deputy foreign minister has warned the Nobel Institute not to give the prize to a Chinese dissident, the director of the Norway-based institute said this week. In another sign of official disapproval, an editorial on Thursday in the state-run Global Times newspaper called Liu a radical and separatist. 在挪威的诺贝尔和平奖评选机构负责人本周说中国外交部副部长傅莹女士已经警告诺贝尔奖评审委员会不要将此奖颁给中国的异见人士（译注：除刘晓波以外，胡佳、陈光诚、魏京生等中国异见人士也在此次诺贝尔和平奖提名名单上）

In China, police continue to threaten and question some of the more than 300 people who were the first to sign Charter 08, which was co-authored by Liu. Despite the risk, thousands more have signed it since its release.在中国，警察一直在威胁和询问第一批300多位宪章签署人中那些被视为宪章的共同起草者。

Charter 08 is an echo of Charter 77, the famous call for human rights in then-Czechoslovakia that led to the 1989 Velvet Revolution that swept away the communist regime. The charter for China calls for more freedoms and an end to the Communist Party's political dominance. "The democratization of Chinese politics can be put off no longer," it says.08宪章是07宪章的回响。

07宪章是捷克斯洛伐克的著名人权宣言，它最终引发了1989年结束共产主义政权的天鹅绒革命。中国的宪章呼吁更多的自由和结束中国共产党的一党统治。宪章中写道“政治民主化变革不能再拖延下去”

Former peace prize winners Archbishop Desmond Tutu, the Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama and Charter 77 co-drafter Vaclav Havel have joined those calling for Liu to get the award. Scholars inside and outside China have mounted letter-writing campaigns on his behalf. 曾获诺贝尔和平奖的南非图图主教、西藏精神领袖达赖喇嘛尊者以及作为77宪章共同起草人之一的哈维尔都在呼吁将此奖颁给刘晓波先生。

"If I were the Chinese Communist Party, I would free him now. Release him. Now. So you don't have the humiliation and it's good for everyone," said Jean-Philippe Beja, a China scholar at the Paris-based Center for International Studies and Research and a longtime friend of Liu. 刘晓波的好友，在一家位于巴黎的国际研究中心专门研究中国的学者让-菲利普 贝加说“如果我是中国共产党，我会马上释放刘晓波。这样你（政府）就不会感到羞辱并对这对所有人都好”。

The blunt, sometimes earthy Liu is not always liked, even by fellow activists. "He hasn't yet become the kind of inspiring person Mandela is," AIDS activist Wan Yanhai said in a Twitter post this week, referring to the former South African leader, also a Nobel laureate.锋利的有时粗野的刘晓波并不总是被所有人喜欢，甚至中国的活跃异见人士也未必喜欢。艾滋病专家万延海这周在推特上说:刘目前还未成为曼德拉那样的振奋人心，曼德拉是南非前总统同时也是诺贝尔和平奖获奖者。

But Liu is rare among government critics in China for being well-known not just among the dissident movement but among the wider public too.不仅在中国的政治异见者运动中，而且在一个更大的公共领域，刘晓波作为政府批评者是少有的知名人士。

"Across the spectrum, Chinese intellectuals and students have high respect for Liu Xiaobo," said Andrew Nathan, a professor at Columbia University in New York who once sponsored Liu as a visiting scholar. "The award of the prize ... would be viewed by most as an act friendly to China." 位于纽约的哥伦比亚大学教授安德鲁 南森说“根据目前的情况，中国的知识分子和学生对刘晓波获奖抱有很高的期望。这个奖也会绝大多数人被视为对中国的善意”。他曾邀请刘晓波作为访问学者。

It was not the same when the Tibet-born Dalai Lama was awarded the peace prize in 1989. Not just the Chinese government and some of the public were angry over the win by the exiled Buddhist leader regarded as a traitor by officialdom for his views on Tibet's status. 此次不同于1989年诺贝尔和平奖得主，出生于西藏的达赖喇嘛尊者。不仅中国政府，而且部分中国民众对将此奖颁给一个流亡的藏传佛教领袖感到愤怒。因为官方因他有关于西藏地位的观点，将他视为卖国贼

Liu first drew attention in 1986, when he criticized Chinese writers' "childish" obsession with the Nobel Prize. Two years later, he became a visiting scholar in Oslo, where the peace prize is awarded.刘晓波首次引起公众注意是在1986年，因为那时他批评中国作家过度痴迷于获得诺贝尔文学奖的孩子气，两年之后，他成为奥斯陆的一名访问学者，诺贝尔和平奖就将在奥斯陆颁发。

There, in his first time outside China, his writings became more political.奥斯陆是他第一次走出国门，他的作品开始带有更多的政治性。

"Perhaps my personality means that I'll crash into brick walls wherever I go," Liu wrote from Oslo to Geremie Barme, a China scholar at Australian National University. "I can accept it all, even if in the end I crack my skull open."刘晓波当年从奥斯陆写信给Geremie Barme中提到“可能因为我的个性意味着无论我走到什么地方，我都会批判。J即使头破血流也不悔其志。”. Geremie Barme是澳大利亚国立大学研究中国问题的学者.

Liu cut short a visiting scholar stint at Columbia University months later to join the Tiananmen Square protests in Beijing in 1989. He and three other older activists famously persuaded students to peacefully leave the square hours before the deadly June 4 crackdown. 1989年刘晓波中止了在哥伦比亚大学的访问学者项目，回国参加北京天安门的反对运动。他和其他三位行动者成功劝说学生们，在1989年6月4日镇压发生前的几小时里和平离开天安门广场。

"I remember clearly the difficulty and pain Liu Xiaobo and his comrades-in-arms — raised as they had been with the most radical type of an education — experienced in reaching this decision, one which only later was understood to have saved the lives of several hundred students," Xu Youyu, a professor with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, recently wrote in a public letter supporting Liu for the peace prize.中国社会科学院徐友渔教授，最近写了一份公开信支持刘晓波获诺贝尔和平奖。他说“我仍然清楚地记得刘晓波的困难和努力，当时他战友们是受斗争哲学教育长大的，要明白做出这样的决定殊为不易。后来此解救了数百位学生生命的决定被人理解”。

Liu went to prison after the crackdown and was released in early 1991 because he had repented and "performed major meritorious services," state media said at the time, without elaborating.天安门事件镇压之后，刘晓波被关入监狱，此后于1991年初被释放。因为他已经表示忏悔并且官方媒体说“有重大立功表现”，对此说法官方媒体并没有详细解释。

The bloody Tiananmen experience made Liu less radical, said Zhou Duo, a friend on the square. 当年的广场四君子之一周舵说“天安门的流血经历使刘晓波不再激进”。

"He used to be impetuous, but he changed a lot after June 4," Zhou said. "He became more rational and mild. He criticized the Communist Party, but he preferred having good exchanges between government and the opposition about politics and democracy."周舵说“他以前是很冲动的，但在六四事件之后他改变了很多。他变得理性温和。虽然他批评共产党，但是他更希望政府与反对者之间能就政治和民主话题进行更好的对话交流”

Still, five years later Liu was sent to a re-education camp for three years for co-writing an open letter that demanded the impeachment of then-President Jiang Zemin.五年后，刘晓波被劳动改造三年，因为参与一份要求弹劾当时的国家主席江泽民的公开信。

Liu emerged from that sentence in 1999 to find the Internet age. He resisted the new medium of communication at first, but eventually called the Internet "God's present to China."刘晓波从1999年的审判中结束之后，发现已经进入互联网时代，一开始他抵制这种新的交流媒介，但后来他将互联网称为上帝赐予中国的礼物

Now Liu only writes a diary and letters to his wife, which she keeps private. His family can visit him in prison, but they can't talk about his case or world events, and officials stand by taking notes.现在刘晓波只写日记和给妻子写信，这些信件刘霞私人保留。他的亲人可以去监狱探望他，但是不能谈论他的案件和世界重大新闻。探视时工作人员会站在一旁记录。

His wife said the couple had never imagined Liu winning the peace prize.他的妻子刘霞女士说他们夫妇都未曾想过刘晓波能获得诺贝尔和平奖。

"I can always predict when bad things are about to happen," she said, "but I can never totally believe that good things can become a reality."刘霞说“当坏事快发生的时候，我总是能预感到，但我不再完全相信好事能成真。”

Associated Press Writer Isolda Morillo contributed to this report.美联社作家埃索达 莫理略对此文亦有贡献